How long do sperm survive in the cow's reproductive system after insemination?

Sperm can survive in the cow's reproductive system for approximately 24 to 48 hours after insemination, making the choice of 24 hours a reasonable estimate for the question. In that time frame, sperm can travel through the cervical mucus to reach the site of fertilization in the oviducts.

The lifespan of sperm is impacted by various factors, including the reproductive tract's environment, such as pH levels, the presence of different secretions, and the timing of ovulation relative to insemination. Sperm will begin to lose motility over time, but they can still maintain the potential to fertilize an ovum for a period beyond the first 24 hours if conditions remain favorable.

In dairy cattle breeding practices, understanding the timing of ovulation in relation to insemination helps optimize the chances of successful conception, as sperm need to be viable and motile when the egg is released. Therefore, while 24 hours is a conservative estimate, it aligns with the understanding that sperm can remain viable long enough to potentially fertilize an egg.